Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that allows an orthopedic surgeon to see inside the knee joint using a small camera. Through tiny incisions, the surgeon can diagnose problems and, in many cases, treat them during the same procedure. Because it uses small incisions rather than a large open cut, recovery is usually faster and less painful than traditional surgery.
Common Reasons for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
1. Meniscus Tears
The meniscus is the “shock absorber” of the knee. A torn meniscus can cause pain, swelling, or a locking sensation. Arthroscopy is often used to trim or repair the damaged tissue and restore smooth joint movement.
2. Ligament Injuries
One of the most common sports injuries is a torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament). Arthroscopy allows the surgeon to reconstruct the ACL or repair other ligaments, helping patients regain stability and return to activity.
3. Cartilage Damage
Cartilage cushions the bones in the knee. When it wears down or gets injured, patients may feel grinding or catching in the joint. Arthroscopic techniques can smooth rough cartilage, remove loose pieces, or even stimulate healing in damaged areas.
4. Loose Bodies in the Knee
Sometimes small fragments of bone or cartilage break off and “float” inside the knee. These loose bodies can cause sudden pain, locking, or swelling. Arthroscopy makes it possible to locate and remove them.
5. Patella (Kneecap) Problems
When the kneecap is unstable, out of alignment, or irritated by cartilage wear, arthroscopy may be used to realign it or clean the damaged surfaces.
6. Synovial Inflammation
Inflammation of the lining of the knee joint (synovitis) can cause swelling and stiffness. Arthroscopy allows the surgeon to remove the inflamed tissue and relieve symptoms.
7. Baker’s Cyst Causes
A Baker’s cyst is often caused by underlying issues such as meniscus tears or arthritis. Arthroscopy can treat the root problem inside the knee, which may reduce cyst formation.
8. Knee Infections
If the knee joint becomes infected, arthroscopy can be used to wash out the infection and prevent further damage.
9. Diagnostic Purposes
In some cases, imaging tests don’t provide clear answers. Arthroscopy gives the surgeon a direct look inside the knee, making it one of the most accurate diagnostic tools available.